How Much Better Do You Really Want to Be? (NSQ, Ep. 45)

Also: why do we pad our speech with so much filler language? 

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Relevant Research & References

Here’s where you can learn more about the people and ideas in this episode:

SOURCES

• Daniel Kahneman, Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs Emeritus at Princeton University.
• Herbert Marsh, Professor of Psychology at the University of Oxford.
• Christopher Peterson, Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan.
• Martin E.P Seligman, Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania.
• Katy Milkman, Professor of Operations, Information, and Decisions at the University of Pennsylvania.
• Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics at Harvard University.
• Katherine D. Kinzler, Professor of Psychology at the University of Chicago.

RESOURCES

• “So, Um, How Do You, Like, Stop Using Filler Words?” by Christopher Mele (The New York Times, 2017).
• “Voice-Specific Effects in Semantic Association” by Ed King and Meghan Sumner (Cognitive Science, 2015).
• “Effects of Phonetically-Cued Talker Variation on Semantic Encoding” by Meghan Sumner and Reiko Kataoka (The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013).
• “When and Why Did People Start Saying ‘Um’?” by Arika Okrent (Mental Floss, 2013).
• “A Brief History of the Teleprompter” by Joseph Stromberg (Smithsonian Magazine, 2012).
• “Inequality at Work: The Effect of Peer Salaries on Job Satisfaction” by David Card, Alexandre Mas, Enrico Moretti, and Emmanuel Saez (American Economics Review, 2012).
• “Relative Deprivation: A Theoretical and Meta-Analytic Review” by Heather J. Smith, Thomas F. Pettigrew, Gina M. Pippin, and Silvana Bialosiewicz (Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2011).
• “Making Things Hard on Yourself, but in a Good Way: Creating Desirable Difficulties to Enhance Learning.” by Bjork, Elizabeth Ligon and Bjork, Robert A. (Psychology and the Real World: Essays Illustrating Fundamental Contributions to Society, 2011).
• “The Hidden-Zero Effect: Representing a Single Choice as an Extended Sequence Reduces Impulsive Choice” by Eran Magen, Carol S. Dweck, and James J. Gross (Psychological Science, 2008).
• Um. . .: Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean by Michael Erard (2008).
• “The Native Language of Social Cognition” by Katherine D. Kinzler, Emmanuel Dupoux, and Elizabeth S. Spelke (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008).
• “Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being” by Erzo F. P. Luttmer (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2005).
• Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification by Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman (2004).
• “Big-Fish–Little-Pond Effect on Academic Self-Concept: A Cross-Cultural (26-Country) Test of the Negative Effects of Academically Selective Schools.” by Herbert W Marsh and Kit-Tai Hau (American Psychologist, 2003).
• “Is More Always Better?: A Survey on Positional Concerns” by Sara J. Solnick and David Hemenway (Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 1998).

EXTRAS

• “Here Lies a Man Who Knew How to Enlist in His Service Better Men Than Himself” (Carnegie Hall).
• “That’s a Great Question! (Ep. 192),” Freakonomics Radio (2015).
• Moby Dick by Herman Melville (1851).

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